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Types of aeroplanes which were in the aviation field |
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The aeroplanes that were in the field during the service time were: in the republican period 4 Katiuskas 6,4,28,12 (type of aeroplane) ; 10 Moscas, 1 González Gil 18 and 1 Latecoere 28.POLIKARPOV I-16 “MOSCA”: it was the first monoplane fighter with a low wing and a retractable landing gear. The second prototype, equipped with an engine M-25 Writght Cyclone, reached the outstanding speed of 455 km/h.It had a wooden semimonocoque fuselage and metal wings covered with clothing. The wheels retracted by the hand of the pilot. The first version had two machine guns ShKAS of 7.62 mm and a closed cabin. The first content reaching Spain were 31 units of I-16, which produced a change of direction in the defence of Madrid. They were called “Mosca” (fly) by the republicans and “Rata” (rat) by the nationalists. Up to seven flights of twelve aeroplanes each were formed, according to the availability of the moment. Some had in the tail the double six of the Third or the Popeye of the Fourth. When the war ended, the 22 surviving aeroplanes became part of the national aviation; the last of them flew in 1953. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 730CV- Magnitude: 9.00m- Length: 6.00m- Total weight: 1600 kg- Cruising speed: 300 km/h- Maximum speed: 450 km/h- Autonomy: 820 km- Height: 5,000 m TUPOLEV SB-2 “KATIUSKA”: it is a revolutionary Russian aeroplane, derived from the heavy fighter MI-3, propelled by two engines. Of a metallic construction, with drawings with flaps, hydraulic retractable landing gear, shock absorbers and pneumatic brakes. It had a clean aerodynamic line, that together with the power of its engines enabled it to reach a maximum speed of 430 km/h. It began service at the beginning of 1936, and in October the first katiuskas, as the republicans called them, arrived to Cartagena. The SB-2 enjoyed for some time the advantage of its speed, but it burned quickly. The republicans received approximately 100 units that acted in all fronts, both in strategic and tactic missions. The first “Katiuskas” were piloted by Russians, but they gradually passed to the nationalists. A new model of the SB-2 was built, the SB-2 bis, which was much better equipped, with new engines and three-blade propellers. They came to Spain in 1939, but they were never actually piloted and never took part in combats. 
CHARACTERISTICS:- Power: 2x860 CV- Magnitude: 20.12m- Length: 4.39m- Height: 4.39m- Total weight: 6910kg- Cruising speed: 280km/h- Maximum speed: 430km/h - Autonomy: 1450 km- Height: 10000 m These two aeroplanes were the most important in the La Senia field, followed by the “Lates” and the “González Gil”. LATECOERE 28 “LATE”: in 1930, this aeroplane beat the world record of flight in a straight line. It is a mono engine with tightened high wings and a fixed landing gear with wheels or a tail skid. Fuselage, wings and metallic with clothing coverings, except for the cabin. These aeroplanes were used in bombing missions in 1936, and also to perform liaison services for the Spanish Flight. The last Late we know about was in the “Escuela de Observadores” of Los Alcázares until March 1939. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 500CV- Magnitude: 19.2 m- Length: 13.5 m- Total weight: 4,040 kg- Cruising speed: 215 km/h- Maximum speed: 240 km/h- Autonomy: 1,000 km- Height: 5,500m GONZÁLEZ GIL: this aeroplane was first seen in March 1934. It was presented to a contest by González Gil and Pazó. Anomenta GP-1 was the winner of the prize to the quickest aeroplane horizontally, when flying up, and to the most economical. These aeroplanes were used during the War in the republican flight school with the name of EG. Those recovered after the war were donated to the Air Force. It was completely made of wood, it had a steel tube fuselage, welded and covered with aluminium plate and clothing. Wooden and clothing tail. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 105 CV- Magnitude: 11.60m- Length: 7 m- Total weight: 880 kg - Cruising speed:180 km/h- Maximum speed: 212 km/h- Autonomy: 1,000 m- Height: 1,000 m The aeroplanes described below were the ones that existed during the stay of the Germans, that is, of the Condor Legion. HEINKEL-51: This aeroplane was constructed in Germany. It started service in 1935. It belongs to the type of a thin biplane, with unequal staggered wings, and it is constructed under a structure of steel tubes covered in electron plates, against plating and clothing. When the Condor Legion was formed, about a total of 135 units were at its service. Their fixed arms were two MG-17 machine guns with a calibre of 7.9 mm. They were used in assault missions, and because of this, a device to throw bombs was placed in them. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 750 CV - Magnitude: 11.00 m- Length: 8.44m- Total weight: 1,900 kg- Cruising speed: 260 km/h- Maximum speed: 330 km/h- Autonomy: 7,700m- Height: 700 km MESSERSCHMITT BF-109. It is an aeroplane manufactured in Germany, which replaced many aeroplanes such as the He-51. This aeroplane equipped all Flights of the Fighter Group J/88 of the Condor Legion. The problem of this aeroplane was the low power of its engine, and the narrow landing gear. Its armaments were three 7.9 mm machine guns. There was a total of 136 units in the Condor Legion. More powerful versions of this aeroplane, with more armaments, were made. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 720 CV- Magnitude: 9.87 m- Length: 8.55 m- Total weight: 2,150 kg- Cruising speed: 350 km/h- Maximum speed: 465 km/h- Autonomy: 8,200 m- Height: 690 km JUNKERS JU-87 “STUKA”. Constructed in Germany with the purpose of being a nose-diving bomber. It is a two-seater of metallic construction, fixed landing gear and low wings with a W shaped elevation. It also incorporated nose-diving aerodynamic brakes in the lower part of the external semi-wing, hydraulically operated, and some red indicators to indicate its position in the external part of the wing. Its armaments were two 7.9 mm machine guns, and it could carry a 250 kg bomb or a 500 kg bomb.There was a total of 3 units in the Condor Legion. 
CHARACTERISTICS: - Power: 640 CV- Magnitude: 13.8 m- Length: 10.8 m- Total weight: 3,400 kg- Cruising speed: 275 km/h- Maximum speed: 320 km/h- Autonomy: 7,000 m- Height: 1,000 km
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